World Report 2. 01. Burma Human Rights Watch. Burma’s new government led by the National League for Democracy (NLD) took office in March 2. November 2. 01. 5 elections. Headed by State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi and President Htin Kyaw, the NLD controls a majority of both upper and lower house parliamentary seats in the country’s first democratically elected, civilian- led government since 1.

However, the new government inherited deep- rooted challenges, including constitutional empowerment of the military, repressive legislation, weak rule of law, and a corrupt judiciary. The political transition began promisingly, with the April release of over 2.

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Nonetheless, the NLD- led government has thus far not capitalized on its initial momentum in guiding the country toward substantive reform or the creation of democratic institutions. Fighting between the Burmese armed forces and ethnic armed groups intensified or flared up in several regions during the year, resulting in abuses against civilians and massive displacement. Violent attacks by unknown insurgents against border guard posts on October 9 in Maungdaw, northern Rakhine State, resulted in the deaths of nine officials and sparked the most serious humanitarian and human rights crisis in Rakhine State since the October 2.

Rohingya. Under the deeply flawed 2. Defense, Home Affairs, and Border Affairs Ministries. It is guaranteed 2. The Burmese military has conducted a campaign of arson, killing and rape against ethnic Rohingya that has threatened the lives of thousands. Ethnic Conflict and Armed Forces Abuses. Fighting between the Tatmadaw (Burmese armed forces) and ethnic armed groups worsened over the year in Kachin, Rakhine, Karen, and Northern Shan States, displacing thousands of civilians.

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Government forces have been responsible for serious abuses, including extrajudicial killings, torture, sexual violence, and destruction of property. Government shelling and airstrikes have been conducted against ethnic areas, in violation of the laws of war. Both government and non- state groups have been implicated in the use of anti- personnel landmines and forced recruitment, including of children. The legacy of the Burmese military’s “divide and rule” approach persists, as the conflict’s spillover and ensuing abuses compound tensions among ethnic groups. The Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) orchestrated under the previous Thein Sein government was signed in October 2. Since its adoption, military operations and clashes between signatory and non- signatory armed groups have continued. From August 3. 1 to September 3, Aung San Suu Kyi presided over the 2.

Century Panglong Conference, billed as a forum for re- engaging armed groups and other national stakeholders in the country’s peace process. Intensified fighting on the ground has continued unabated since the conference. In Northern Shan State, fighting between the Ta’ang National Liberation Army and the Restoration Council of Shan State/Shan State Army- South, at times with the support of the Tatmadaw, flared throughout the year. Fighting between the military and the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) in Kachin State increased steadily since mid- August. In September, fighting between ethnic armed groups and government forces in Karen State displaced about 5,9. Violence over the past five years has left 2.

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Rakhine State and 1. Shan and Kachin States. Security threats, weak infrastructure, and restrictions imposed by government and non- state authorities regularly impeded access by humanitarian agencies to civilians displaced in conflict- affected areas. Restrictions on access to Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Kachin and Shan States increased in late 2. Abuses against Rohingya.

Muslim minorities in Burma, in particular the 1. Rohingya, continue to face rampant and systemic human rights violations.

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Outbreaks of violence in Maungdaw district in northern Rakhine State escalated following an October 9 attack on three border outposts that left nine police officers dead. Asserting that both the initial and subsequent attacks were carried out by armed Rohingya militants, the government initiated “clearance operations” to locate the alleged attackers while locking down the area, denying access to humanitarian aid groups, independent media, and rights monitors. The security operations led to numerous reports of serious abuses by government security forces against Rohingya villagers, including summary killings, rape and other sexual violence, torture and ill- treatment, arbitrary arrests, and arson. The military employed helicopter gunships during a series of clashes beginning on November 1. At time of writing, the government said it had arrested over 3. Local groups reported the use of torture and a number of deaths in custody.

Satellite imagery in November revealed widespread fire- related destruction in Rohingya villages, with a total of 4. Maungdaw district. Government travel restrictions placed on humanitarian agencies have led to critical food insecurity and malnutrition, and an estimated 3. Muslim villagers remain displaced. The government has continually failed to adequately or effectively investigate abuses against the Rohingya, and did not act on recommendations to seek UN assistance for an investigation into the violence. The ongoing crisis in Maungdaw represents the most serious and widespread violence against the Rohingya since the ethnic cleansing campaign carried out in June and October 2.

Four years after the 2. Rohingya remain displaced in camps in Rakhine State.

Humanitarian conditions for both remaining IDPs and newly resettled persons remain dire due to restrictions on movement and lack of access to livelihoods and basic services. The effective denial of citizenship for the Rohingya—who are not recognized on the official list of 1. Watch Double Jeopardy Online Full Movie on this page.

Citizenship Law—has facilitated enduring rights abuses, including restrictions on movement; limitations on access to health care, livelihood, shelter, and education; arbitrary arrests and detention; and forced labor. Travel is severely constrained by authorization requirements, security checkpoints, curfews, and strict control of IDP camp access. Such barriers compound the health crisis caused by poor living conditions, severe overcrowding, and limited health facilities. The government refuses to use the term Rohingya, which the group self- identifies as but is rejected by nationalist Buddhists in favor of the term “Bengali,” which implies illegal migrant status in Burma.